Analysis of the Article About The Students Writing Abilities Research Paper

Investigation of the Article About The Students Writing Abilities - Research Paper Example The examination paper Investigation of the Article About The Students Writing Abilities presents the quantitative Heather Campbell's article survey with respect to the testing of the understudies composing capacities. Heather has led an examination, on the Technical Adequacy of Curriculum-Based Measurement Passage Copying With Secondary School English Language Learners. From the writing survey, it uncovers that entry duplicating measures can be utilized to test the understudy composing capacities. The fundamental reason for this examination was to explore the legitimacy and furthermore the dependability of an entry replicating measures that could be utilized to evaluate composing capability among optional school English language students. The objective populace was a midwestern urban secondary school that has an enlistment of 1,276 understudies in Grades 9 through 12. The entire populace was from socially or etymologically various foundations. The investigation members were 57 unders tudies in 3 secondary school English as second language classes instructed by a similar educator. The investigation members duplicated four sections altogether, two developed, and two educational plans based. This structure adjusted from a bigger report developed to analyze the legitimacy and unwavering quality of composing measures for English-familiar understudies. The built sections comprised of essential guidelines. Entries built at a 4.3-grade level. Then again, educational program based entries comprised of complex sentences with Flesch-Kincaid comprehensibility levels extending from a 5.8 to 6.0-grade level.

Environmental Impact of Prescribed burning in the United States Essay Example for Free

Ecological Impact of Prescribed consuming in the United States Essay The term endorsed consuming alludes to an administration practice in which fire is utilized to consume a foreordained territory under determined natural conditions.â Burning for this situation is utilized as an administration apparatus in regions that are defenseless against bursting into flames because of the ground spread that goes about as fuel load. Moreover, consuming is viewed as the most naturally cordial and least expensive technique for having woody development in an environment controlled.â Prescribed consuming in the United States is normal. In this type of consuming, controlled flames are utilized to consume a predefined land territory after appropriate arranging which guarantees that the current climate conditions are ideal for the consuming. At the point when climate conditions are not reasonable for the consume, negative effect of the fire in the consumed territories is probably going to be seen (Dale et al, 2009).â In the United States, recommended consuming is viewed as a significant administration device because of the advantages related with it.â Both the landowners and the United States National Forest System have been utilizing endorsed consuming for a long time. As indicated by the United States fire approach corresponding to the woodland biological system, there is have to attempt recommended consuming so as to improve the development of business backwoods, forestall out of control fire harm and to upgrade fire subordinate ecosystems.â However, endorsed consuming has been reprimanded for its negative effect on the earth. For example, recommended copying results to the freeing from land or utilization of land for agrarian exercises that effectsly affect the environment.â In this paper, the effect of endorsed copying on the earth in the United States will be discussed.â The paper will concentrate on the impact of recommended copying ashore after it is cleared by recommended fires.â Land clearing that outcomes from the copying impacts adversely on the vegetation, soil, water and biodiversity. Postulation In the United States recommended consuming is made essential by the conditions in the woodland environments or farms. The consuming targets forestalling out of control fires that can harm appropriately or lead to death of the individuals if the fuel load on the ground supports wild fires.â moreover, the United States national woodland framework embraces recommended consuming exercises because of the biological advantages that consuming provides for the forests.â The national timberland framework partners endorsed consuming to the decrease of out of control fire perils, land improvement, game territory upgrade, creepy crawly and sickness the board and site groundwork for reforestation (Biswell, 1999). Instances of territories that have experienced recommended consuming exercises incorporate the California wild grounds, Florida Flatwoods and the Southern eastern US National Forest.â It is imperative to understand that albeit endorsed consuming in these zones has its advantages to the biological system and the individuals; it additionally impacts adversely on the earth after some time. Negative natural effect of endorsed consuming happens in spite of the way that recommended consuming is arranged in a way that limits negative impacts of consuming on the environment.â This has made the issue of recommended consuming to turn into a subject of discussion in the nation .While some think about endorsed copying to decrease negative effect of rapidly spreading fires on the earth, copying can likewise affect adversely on the environment.â Land clearing that outcome from the copying has negative impact on the earth. Conversation Negative effect of Prescribed consuming on vegetation in the wake of freeing from land Endorsed consuming outcomes to the freeing from land in a foreordained region as the fire consumes the fuel load.â The consuming has both roundabout and direct negative impacts after land clearing by the fire.â Land clearing thusly effectsly affects the vegetation, water, soil and untamed life. The negative effect of endorsed consuming in the United States has been seen in certain zones in light of the fact that recommended consuming has become a significant movement in the nation. Consistently, a huge number of hectares are scorched. Albeit different techniques for consuming are utilized consume the vegetation spread in the foreordained territories, fires wreck the current vegetation by either harming or slaughtering the whole plant or parts of the plant.â This relies upon the term that the fire consumes or the force of the fire.â Prescribed consuming dependent on the slice decrease strategy results to the decrease of garbage. This strategy is likewise used to decrease garbage in the event of a characteristic occasion or street construction.â When the executives lighted fire is utilized, the consuming of a stand that has been built up is done while guaranteeing that fire doesn't spread past the foreordained territory. While little trees are totally scorched during the consuming, bigger trees may endure the flames however a portion of their trees might be destroyed.â When flames are touched off, the consuming woodland energizes increment the temperatures which make it hard for the vegetation to endure. Since with regards to consuming the temperature of the vegetation and that of the air are significant, individuals who have the obligation to light flames ought to do it when the air and vegetation temperatures can't support fires that can effectsly affect the environment.â For example, recommended fires in the United States during winter top execute the hard woods while hardwood rootstocks are slaughtered by summer consumes. In territories where consuming has not been accomplished for a long-lasting, profound natural layer that gathers during recommended consuming prompts the cambial harm of trees. Since just little warmth is required to demolish the plant cells in developing plants, consuming the vegetation executes developing plants. This prompts the short and long haul annihilation of the vegetation which after some time opens land to changes that sway contrarily on the great states of the earth. One present moment and long haul effect of endorsed consuming in the Sequoia and Kings Canyon National stops in the United States is the adjustment in species piece (Mary Berth, 2000).â This change modifies appropriate working of the environment since it prompts the development of new species while those that prior existed and are not lenient to fire before the fire neglect to recover. These two parks are situated in California’s South Nevada areas.â The parks spread around 864, 383 sections of land of land and endorsed consuming in these two parks was made essential by the longing to start biological advantages in the parks.â The two parks recommended fire programs were created in 1969 and keeps on being executed so as to lessen fuel risk issue that may result from overwhelming surface fuel loads.â Though the flames have been utilized to decrease the harm that may result from extreme out of control fires, change in species sythesis because of the freeing from land by flames has throughout the years been seen in the parks. Flames have constrained the development of species that are not open minded to the fire touched off over a long time.â For example, the expansion in relative thickness of the goliath Sequoia because of endorsed fires over quite a while has changed the development and endurance of some other plant species.â The fruitful fire systems reclamation in the parks has supported the recovery of the species that are fire-adjusted to the detriment of the species that are less-adjusted to fire.â The decrease of fuel load and the rebuilding of timberland structure after the flames modify the number and example of development of plant species.â The parks have conifer woodlands overwhelmed by the sequoia species. The adjustment in the species number in a backwoods biological system influences the best possible working of the characteristic environment and this may prompt uncovered ground and soil disintegration when plants and creatures that advance legitimate working of the biological system are wiped out from nature. In environmentally delicate natural surroundings in the United States, recommended fires have effectsly affected the recovery and endurance of plant species.â For instance, the riparian zones in a woodland system.â An investigation completed to decide the impact of endorsed fire on the riparian territories in the Dark Canyon zone demonstrated that the fire devoured 90 percent of the ground fuel, 79 percent of the riparian zone pre-fire fuel, and 34 percent of the all out surface fuel.â The fire altogether diminished the rate front of the surface vegetation (Beche et al, 2005). When contrasted with the unburned regions, the consumed region demonstrated an adjustment in the plant taxa lavishness after the recovery of vegetation.â The decrease in plant taxa spread and extravagance changed the under story riparian vegetation network piece. These progressions show that when a territory encounters recommended consuming for quite a while, vanishing of certain species can prompt decrease in the level of vegetative spread. In the California Oak forests, the Native Americans utilized fire to have the Oak forest vegetation altered.â Prescribed flames are considered to lessen the under story woody vegetation and have the tree thickness is lowered.â After the flames, recovery may result to development of vegetation in patches.â Since the settlement of Euro-Americans in the territory, endorsed fire touched off in an environment to make land for domesticated animals farms has expelled the vegetation spread and rather reassuring the development of plant species that are useful for scavenge creation. The woody vegetation in the region has been affected.Eventually, diminished vegetation spread has made it simple for soil to be presented to either wind or downpour erosion.Prescribed fires in Oregon’s Mixed †conifer woodlands of Crater Lake throughout the years have modified species sythesis by executing species that are not fireproof while giving positive conditions to the recovery of heat proof species (Agee, 2003).â The Crater Lake National park has in

The Four Steps to Write a Persuasive Essay

The Four Steps to Write a Persuasive EssayIf you want to learn how to write a persuasive essay, you are in the right place. Writing an essay or report that is persuasive is a skill that all writers should learn. Persuasive essay writing techniques are a valuable tool for improving your communication skills.The four most important steps to write a persuasive essay are: communicating your message, framing your points, providing supporting evidence, and concluding with a conclusion. By making sure that you follow these steps properly, you will be able to produce a persuasive essay.Communication - The first step to write a persuasive essay is to communicate your message. A good writer will read several opinions and make his or her own opinion. So, when writing a persuasive essay, your first goal is to make sure that you get across your point clearly and concisely. You must clearly explain what you mean.In order to successfully communicate your message, you must have some knowledge about the topic. Some people do not understand some topics so they should take time to educate themselves. When it comes to persuasive essay writing, you may be writing to improve your communication skills, career advancement, or just because you feel passionate about the topic. Whatever your reason is, making sure that you thoroughly understand your topic will help you achieve better communication skills and will help you convey your message effectively.Framing - The second step to write a persuasive essay is to frame your points. What do you mean by framing your points? The frame is the image that you put together that helps you communicate your message. In other words, you have to help people understand what you mean and why you believe the way you do.The third step to write a persuasive essay is to provide supporting evidence. You need to come up with something that supports your argument. Remember that it is not enough to support your argument, but you also need to present supporting evidence to support your point. Good persuasive essay writers will always provide supporting evidence and will look for ways to prove their points.The last step to write a persuasive essay is to conclude with a conclusion. If you make the closing statement of your paper compelling and well written, readers will see why you believe what you do. As you can see, each of these steps to write a persuasive essay are very important and it will help you to produce a persuasive essay.It is possible to write a persuasive essay because you can control how your words will be interpreted. Just remember that the most important thing is to follow these steps so that you can produce a persuasive essay. It will help to enhance your communication skills and it will help you find a new career.

Human Services, Inc. Case Study - 759 Words

Human Services, Inc. stands by meeting the needs of the client and the community. If a client does not have insurance or no income, we still allow them to receive mental health services. They are required, being Human Services, Inc. is a county contracted organization, to fill out a liability form that ultimately determines how much is due at the end of each month for services. Most of the time, the services are covered by the county. This agency also meets the needs of the community due to accepting almost all insurances, coordinating with public transportation, in addition to coordinating with internal and external resources. This agency does not meet all the needs of the community for the reason that there is always room for†¦show more content†¦Listening to people’s stories and what they have been through in life is extremely fascinating. Seeing how the professional staff members are using the DSM-5, impacting and changing the client’s life only gives me a stronger drive to change the lives of others. It is also extremely exciting to be able to see and use the numerous topics I have learned during my time at Slippery Rock University. Learning the weekly lessons on motivational interviewing, the change cycle, and MAPS goals has allowed me to notice and apply these lessons into my internship. When I had the chance to sit with my supervisor, Alanna, I was able to see her passion for changing lives, setting measurable and attainable goals with her clients, and making sure the needs of her employees are being met. She does not hesitate to take on a client, clear her schedule for a walk-in intake, or answer any questions I may have. I once had a client come into my office and told me she was googling how to kill herself. Not having any prior experience to suicidal clients, I reassured her and brought her to my supervisor where she was able to lay out her options until her appointment with the therapist. She apologized I had to handle the si tuation, but I was thankful for that opportunity because it allowed meShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Functions at Apple Computers Inc: An Analysis1544 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Apple Human Resource: Apple Computer Inc. or Apple Inc. is a multinational corporation in the United States that develops and markets consumer electronics, personal computers, and computer software. The firm is widely recognized for several hardware products like the Macintosh brand of computers, the iPad, the iPhone, and the iPod. On the contrary, Apples software products include Mac OS X operating system, Final Cut Studio, the iTunes media browser, and a series of professional audio and film-industryRead MoreEcolab, Inc.977 Words   |  4 PagesStrategic Human Capital Case Study Ecolab, Inc. The Johns Hopkins University Carey Business School Case Study --- Ecolab, Inc. Question 1: How does Ecolab make money? What is Ecolab’s competitive advantage? There are several reasons that Ecolab makes money. Firstly, from 1985, Ecolab implemented a new strategy called â€Å"Circle the customer, circle the globe†. That was a strategy that providing to Ecolab’s principal customers total solutions – both products and services – in cleaningRead MoreExploring the Best Strategies When Job Specific Failure Is Imminent: A Case Study1777 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Case Study: Exploring the Best Strategies When Job Specific Failure is Imminent Table of Contents Introduction 3 Background 3 Key Problems 5 Alternatives 6 Proposed Solution 7 Conclusion 8 References 9 Introduction This report reviews the possible outcomes and implications of work conflict which is a product of miscommunication and mismanagement. The following case study discusses the particular problem of Carl Robins, a campus recruiter for ABC, Inc. Robins is faced with organizingRead MoreCase Study : Acceptable Use Policy1597 Words   |  7 PagesRobin Williams Professor Nerove ITN 267 1 November 2015 Case Study 1: Acceptable Use Policy 1. Policy Statement XYZ Inc.’s intentions for publishing an Acceptable Use Policy are not to impose restrictions that are contrary to XYZ Inc.’s established culture of openness, trust and integrity. XYZ Inc. is committed to protecting XYZ Inc.’s employees, partners and XYZ Inc. from illegal or damaging actions by individuals, either knowingly or unknowingly. Internet/Intranet/Extranet related systems, includingRead MorePerforming Purchasing Agent Duties : A Growing Self Consumer Service Fulfillment Business Essay1717 Words   |  7 Pagesorganizations have materials and services they need to function on a day-to-day basis. In addition, the purchasing agencies do extensive research to find the most cost-effective products and sources, which requires that they stay up-to-date on marketing and pricing trends. Additional responsibilities may include attending trade shows, meeting vendors, negotiating contracts and record keeping. This case study focuses on Waters Inc, a growing self consumer service fulfillment business. The synthesisRead MoreBims932 Words   |  4 PagesBIMS Ballard Integrated Managed Services, Inc., Solution-problem, purpose, research questions, and hypothesis. In considering the analysis and overview of the BIMS Ballard Integrated Managed Services, Inc., This Corporation’s competitive advantage lies in its ability to combining several services to Fortune 100 companies. You should analyze the main problem which is the reason why staff is not motivated and many training staff leaves the organization, resulting in a high turnover, which is notRead MoreCargill Inc. Company Information Essay1468 Words   |  6 PagesCargill Inc. Company Information Cargill Inc. began in 1865 as a grain business (Advameng Inc., 2016). Since then, it has grown to be the largest private corporation in the United States and serves as a diversified firm. Cargill runs several operations in the food sector, serving a global market. Its main venture is merchandising of grains and oil seeds. It also supplies agricultural inputs such as fertilizers and animal feed. It processes food ingredients and packages animal produce. In additionRead MoreOperations Management Is The Branch Of Management’S Science1571 Words   |  7 Pagesachieve successful management with the day-by-day operations of an organization. This study is dedicated in developing and applying the methods that are necessary to achieve business and operations improvement of the company. You may find operations problems in any area of the company and production and those problems may start in buying the feedstock of the products and go from there to even the distribution. Those studies about operations and management can prove that operations management and good decisionsRead MoreCircuit Board Fabricators, Inc. Case Analysis Ââ€" Week 3 Essay1213 Words   |  5 PagesCase Summary Circuit Board Fabricators, Inc. is a small manufacturer of circuit boards located in California. (Chase, Jacobs, and Aquilano, 2004) Large computer companies such as Apple and Hewlett-Packard hire Circuit Board Fabricators to make boards for prototypes of new products. (Chase, et al., 2004) The case study suggests that Circuit Board Fabricators has a good business plan established within the organization. CBF has implemented a largely automated process using industry standardRead MoreWhole Foods Market Inc. Case Study Essay1200 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Whole Foods Market Inc. case, study shows that Whole Foods Market is an American supermarket chain exclusively featuring foods without artificial preservatives, colors, flavors, sweeteners, and hydrogenated fats. It is the United States first certified organic grocer, which means it ensures, to National Organic Program standards, organic integrity of the heterogeneous products from the time they reach stores until they are placed in a shopping cart. Whole Foods Market Inc. opened its first store

Short Stories Literature Review - 1136 Words

Short Stories Literature Review Fear can have different effects on human emotions. Sometimes fear can keep you from confronting a conflict or situation directly. Being fearful is not the right reaction to have. The right reaction is usually to be cautious. In the five sorties I read fear was a factor in how the character resolved their external or internal conflict in the story. All the short stories share the themes fear, conflict, deception, jealousy, vulnerability and closure. The audience for this literature review is for mature readers who may let fear affect their daily lives. This review was written to show how fear can overwhelm them if they do not take proper steps to confront your fear. Once the reader reads the review they can reflect on the topics for a better way to deal with something they fear. Fear is an overall theme of all five short stories. In each story fear influences the characters to react in different ways. In. â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† Montresor had some type of fear of being constantly belittled. Once Montresor made up his mind to exact revenge on Fortunato he was also fearful of being caught. Fortunato was also fearful towards the end when he realizes that he is not being pranked. The story â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death† Prince Prospero is the ruler of countryside. Prince Prospero is fearful of dying of the illness and being lonely. In the â€Å"The Premature Burial† the narrator is scared of death, his condition, and being wrongly buried. The royalShow MoreRelatedThe American Author Review Assignment1391 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Author Review Assignment Choose an author from the list provided. Research the author thoroughly using library sources and links. Your review should include all of the information below and in this format. You will present this information to the class in a presentation format: You may present your author information in one of the following formats: †¢ Power Point presentation †¢ Handouts for the class with pertinent information †¢ Posters or trifold boards †¢ Video or multimedia The PresentationRead MoreEng 157 Multicultural Analysis Paper1452 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Multicultural Literature ENG/157 David McCarthy The Importance of Multicultural Literature The introduction to multicultural literature into the broad world of differing walks of life, the reader may be surprised by the similarities between the cultures as well as the differences. Cultures are as eclectic as we are as individuals, each with their own quirks, intricacies, and uniqueness that inspires individuality regarding how the vast differences between culturesRead MoreRunning Head: Edgar Allen Poe 1. Edgar Allen Poe2. . .1286 Words   |  6 Pagesnumerous great stories of suspense and horror. He also needs to be remembered as the single author who did help in establishing and developing the real contribution of the America to the actual literature of the world, the short-story form (Bagert, 2008). Poe was the initial writer who recognized that short story was some kind of different fiction than the novel and the first person to insist that for the story to have strong impact on the reader, then each and every detail of the story has to makeRead MoreOscar Wildes The Selfish Giant: A Felicitous Ending?748 Words   |  3 PagesNo one will dispute the fact that Oscar Wildes short story, The Selfish Giant, is a piece that is undoubtedly for children (Luthra 2009). The tale is rife with imagery and diction that appeals to a childs sensibilities, and is complete with a hero (or anti-hero) and other children, facets of which are endemic of childrens literature. However, the primary problem with this interpretation of this short story is that virtually all childrens stories end happily. Wildes narrative, however, does notRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Lottery By Shirley Jackson1220 Words   |  5 Pages Sereen Qader English 1301 Professor Lail April 27 2016 The Unlucky Winner â€Å"The Lottery† is a short story written by Shirley Jackson in late June of 1948. Jackson was born into a middle class family and her parents are Leslie Jackson, who was a stay at home housewife, and Geraldine Jackson, who was an employee of a lithographing company. Jackson loved to write in her early years, as a child she would always write poems and always kept a journal. Although Jackson spent her first few years inRead More Kate Chopin Gives a Womans Voice to Realism Essay example1173 Words   |  5 PagesKate Chopin Gives a Womans Voice to Realism Kate Chopin succeeded in giving a womans voice to realism. While doing this she sacrificed her career. 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The narrator in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is the mutual voice of the townspeople of Jefferson, while Emily Grierson is the main character in the story that undergoes a sequence of badRead MoreKate Chopin s Literary Creativity And Women s Independence1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriters of the century. From Chopin’s literary rej ection of The Awakening, the rejection sparked a fire in Chopin’s feminist side. Chopin began writing short stories that would become society’s lead in literary creativity and women’s independence. Kate Chopin’s biography is astonishingly intriguing and the importance Chopin plays to the feminist literature genre is exceptional. Critics either rave Chopin’s work or completely destroy it. Kate Chopin, born Katherine O Flaherty in St. Louis, MissouriRead MoreAnalysis of the Poem Barbie Doll by Marge Piercy772 Words   |  3 Pagesof the same. I quickly discovered how wrong I was with the first paper. English 1102 was a whole different story. Though I enjoyed the reading and analyzing literature writing and organizing my thoughts on paper was more challenging, especially since I was more used analyzing books than poetry, and adaptations. Each different part of literature was like entering a whole new world of literature with different ways at looking at each piece, and because of this the unifying theme of my portfolio willRead MoreEssay on One Hundred Years of Solitude858 Words   |  4 Pagesgreatest writers, Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez is a Colombian-born author and journalist, winner of the 1982 Nobel Prize for Literature and a pioneer of the Latin American Boom. Affectionately known as Gabo to millions of readers, he first won international fame with his master piece, One Hundred Years of Solitude, a defining classic of twentieth century literature. Whether writing short stories, epic novels, or nonfiction, Gabo is above all a brilliant storyteller, and his writing is a tribute to both the

The Main Causes Of The American Revolution - 1006 Words

The American Revolution There are many events that occurred and shaped the way America is the way it is now. However, one of the most important events would be the American Revolution. The American Revolution was the biggest step towards modern day America since it was the event that broke off British control from the states. Even though however, the events of what happens later on after the revolution are important, as well as being able to understand what caused the revolution in the first place as well as why. This paper will go over all of the actions that took place in order for the American Revolution to occur and change the course of American history. The first step of understanding the Revolution would be to understand the main†¦show more content†¦This quickly angered the colonists and eventually began to think that if each state were to come together as one, then they can develop some form of rebellion against the British. This would eventually lead to all of the thirteen colonies coming together and fight for their independence. However, before they come together, it is important to understand how the colonies managed to come together in the first place. There are quite a few events that occurred that droved the colonials together, however there are a couple key events that were significant. The first event was the unfair taxes that the colonials were forced to pay. For example, the Stamp Act was a British, â€Å"[attempt] to raise money from direct taxes in the colonies rather than the regulation of trade.† (Foner 179) So things such as newspapers, stamps, books and anything printed was put on a higher tax towards the colonists because the British were still trying to pay off their debt from previous events. This lead to the slogan, â€Å"Taxation without representation† because the British were placing high taxes towards the colonials, yet the colonials were, â€Å"unrepresented in the House of Commons.† (Foner 180) M eaning the colonials were basically denied trial by jury for the unfair taxes since they were unrepresented in theShow MoreRelatedWhat Was the Main Cause of the American Revolution?2125 Words   |  9 Pagesthe main cause of the American Revolution? The American Revolution was caused by the unique nature of the American Colonists and their society in contrast to their relationship with the English Government and peoples. Life in America was not a life of leisure. American colonists had worked hard to cultivate their lands and develop their towns and cities. Rural life in the American colonies consisted not only of farmers but tradesmen also prospered. (Handlin. 24) By 1763, the American ColoniesRead MoreEssay on Comparing The French Revolution and The American Revolution1339 Words   |  6 PagesA revolution, by definition, is the overthrow of one government followed by replacement with another. The American Revolution against the British during 1775 to 1783 and the French Revolution pitting the French people against their own government during 1789 to 1799 were both very important political and social turnovers. This movement towards the establishment of a constitutional government influenced political thought throughou t the world. By closely examining three of the main causes of theseRead MoreIndustrial, French, and American Revolutions: Common Social Revolutions?764 Words   |  4 Pageshistory there have been many important revolutions that have help to shape society as it is today. There are different causes, from political to religious, economic to social. Any revolution affects those in society, and creates changes for the people in the society. There are three important revolutions that took place in the late 18th century that changed the world for the better. The French Revolution, the American Revolution, and the Industrial Revolution all took place in the late 1700s. AlthoughRead MoreWhat Factors During The Colonial Period Essay1636 Words   |  7 Pagescolonial period led to American colonists declaring independence from the British Empire? Be sure to discuss the economic, political, and cultural aspects of the American Revolution. PROVISIONAL HYPOTHESIS: The structure of America revolution to address a various issue, which has great impact on America It, was the procedure where the thirteen colonies of North America became independent of Great Britain also then formed a new integrated government. The major reasons of America revolution are cultural, economicRead MoreEssay on Causes of the American Revolution612 Words   |  3 Pages From 1763, Americans had only to be convinced that an arbitrary ruler- whether Parliament or King-was violating their inherent rights, to feel that rebellion was justified. This conviction was bred in them by the series of events that occurred between 1763 and 1776. The language used to protest the British Acts was legal, and political. But the primary cause of the Revolution was economics. In theory the colonists accepted the principle that natural laws rather than royal decreesRead MoreIran And The Iranian Revolution1227 Words   |  5 Pagescontributing factor in the outbreak of the 1979 Iranian Revolution, it was the growing Western influence in Islamic culture that was the main cause for the revolution. The Iranian/Islamic Revolution refers to the events involving the deposing of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi and pro-American government, and the replacement with an anti-Western authoritarian theocracy under the leader of the revolution, the Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. The revolution was mainly supported by various leftist Islamic organizationsRead MoreAnalysis Of Forced Founders By Woody Holton1261 Words   |  6 PagesSlaves, and the Making of the American Revolution in Virginia, Woody Holton argues that the causes of the Revolutionary War are different than what most people once concluded. Although many Americans believe that George Washington and Thomas Jefferson are the men who led this revolution, Holton brings up a n ew theory on how the war began. As Holtons title states, he believes that Indians, debtors, and slaves had a bigger role in the making of the American Revolution. Throughout the entire novelRead MoreAmerican Influence and Foreign Policy in Iranian Revolution and Iranian Hostage Crisis1366 Words   |  6 PagesDid American foreign policy and influence lead to the Iranian revolution and spark the Iranian hostage crisis? Part A This investigation determines to what extent American foreign policy, within the years 1953-1982, caused the Iranian embassy siege. Furthermore, it questions the role that the Carter and Kennedy administrations had in furthering the American agenda within Iran. In order to assess the role American influence played, this investigation evaluates the relations between the Carter administrationRead MoreThe American Revolution : The United States1377 Words   |  6 Pagescountry it is today. The American Revolution was the beginning for the United States. It was a time when the Americans separated themselves from the British and established their own rules and regulations, but it wasn’t easy. In fact it was a very long process that lasted for twenty years. There were twenty five battles fought in this time period, and many innocent citizens died. There were both long and immediate causes of the Revolution, but the most important being that American colonists were not yetRead MoreT he Industrial Revolution And The War Of 18121461 Words   |  6 PagesIndustrial Revolution resulted in a shift from agriculture to industrial factories. In the United States, there were two phases of the Industrial Revolution. The first revolution, which happened between 1776 and 1789, was somewhat similar to Britain s Industrial Revolution and more political. The second phase of the American Industrial Revolution, which happened from 1860 to 1900, was not only political but also led to great improvements of the economy and society. The Industrial Revolution first began

Beam Deflection free essay sample

The purpose of this lab is to determine the flexural elastic modulus of a Parallam woodcomposite beam by examining its behavior when simply supported and under flexural stress, and to analyze deflection data using different least-squares methods to fit theoretical deflection curves. Theory: In theory, a beam’s deflection can be mapped by the governing equation of beam flexure: EI d2y/dx2 = M(x), where E is the elastic modulus, I is the second moment of inertia about the neutral axis of the beam (the value of which changes significantly according to orientation), y is deflection, and M(x) is bending moment in the beam. This equation requires that several assumptions be made about the beam: 1) Geometric Assumption: the beam must be a straight, prismatic member with at least one axis of symmetry. 2) Material assumption: the beam must be linear, elastic, isotropic, and homogeneous, and the modulus of elasticity in tension must equal the modulus of elasticity in compression. 3) Loading Assumption: the beam must be loaded in pure moment in a plane of symmetry. 2 4) Deformation Assumption: plane sections before bending must remain in plane after bending. Making these assumptions, we can apply the general equation for beam flexure to our experiment. Assuming we are using point loads or can model our setup with point loads, we can then use singularity functions to determine that the bending moment of the beam is: 2/3 P*x – P 1 Where P is the load applied with the UTM, L is the length of the beam, and x is the distance from the origin (defined as the end closest to the applied load). From this we get: M(x) = EI d2y/dx2 = 2/3 P*x – P 1 Taking an integral of both sides with respect to x yields: where c1 is a constant. Taking another derivative yields: where c2 is a constant. Rearranging we get: . EI dy/dx = P/3 * x2 – P/2 * 2 +c1 y * EI = P/9 * x3 – P/6 * 3 +c1x + c2 y = Px3/9EI – P/6EI * 3 +c1x/EI + c2/EI To solve for the constants we need to make two more assumptions: that when x=0 and when x=L there will be no deflection (i. e. y=0). Using these assumptions, we can plug into our previous equation and use algebra to determine that c1 = -5PL2/81 and that c2 = 0. This gives us: 3 y = P/EI (x3/9 3 /6 – 5L2x/81) This is the theoretical beam deflection equation for the lab. Then, to ease calculations, we make the previous equation non-dimensional by multiplying both sides by EI/PL3, which yields: yEI/PL3 = (x/L)3/9 3/6 – 5/81 (x/L) We define this dimensionless quantity as: (x/L)3/9 3/6 – 5/81 (x/L) = ! theoretical where: ! theoretical = f(x/L) Similarly, we define: ymeasured * EI/PL3 = ! measured. If the beam were to behave as a theoretical beam, then ! theoretical would equal ! measured. E is defined as the slope of the stress-strain curve in the elastic region. However, there is no perfect way to measure stress and strain in the loaded beam. As a result, to determine E one must make some assumptions. For methods one and two the assumption made is that ! theoretical = ! measured. This is done because ! measured can only be calculated if the value of E is known (if E is unknown, then the equation ymeasured * EI/PL3 = ! measured has two unknowns and is thus unsolvable). For method one this assumption is used to write this equation: f(x/L) = E (I ymeasured/PL3). Manipulating this equation gives an equation in the form: P = E (I ymeasured/f(x/L)L3) 4 This equation is in the form of y=mx, the form of a line. Thus, if it is plotted P versus (I ymeasured/f(x/L)L3) then the slope of the line will be E. In method two, the same assumption is made, resulting in the formula: E = f(x/L)PL3/ ymeasuredI From this formula E can be calculated on a point by point basis and then the values can be averaged. Method three approaches the problem in a different way. Instead of assuming that ! theoretical = ! measured, a new quantity V was defined as: V = ! theoretical ! measured Then we make a guess for the E value and solve for the rms error, defined as: rms = sqr(1/n * sum(V2)) here V represents the difference between theoretical and measured deflection for every data point at a certain E value, and n is the total number of V values (5 loads * 4 locations = n = 20). The rms error is then plotted against the many guessed E values, and the point on the graph where the rms error is minimized is determined to best the best value of E for method three. 5 Procedure: In the lab, we tested a simply supported Pa rallam beam (nominal dimensions: 4 by 10) in two orientations while loaded in flexural stress from the UTM (setup shown in figure 1). The beam’s dimensions were 100 inches span by 3. 50 inches thick by 9. 46 inches deep. Our two orientations were with the 9. 46 inch side vertical (the ‘upright’ orientation) and then with the 9. 46 inch side horizontal (the ‘flat’ orientation). For each orientation, we applied an approximate point load by placing a roller between the UTM and the beam at the point L/3 on the span. (In fact, as the roller comes into contact with a small area of the beam and not a single point, 6 describing it as a ‘point load’ is not quite accurate. We applied the load in five increments: 240, 480, 720, 960, and 1200 psi. At each of the load increments, we measured deflection at three points: L/4, L/2, and 3L/4 (the UTM recorded deflection at L/3). We also observed the deflection and the location of maximum deflection, and calculated values of I (the second moment of inertia) for each orientation. Outside of lab, we used three methods to determine E. As di scussed in the theory, method one consisted of plotting the load P (lb) versus the quantity Iymeasured/f(x/L)L3 (in2). The slope of this graph was the first value for E. Both Matlab and KaleidaGraph were used in this process. Utilizing the same theory as method one, method two used the equation E = f(x/L)PL3/ Iymeasured to solve for E for each individual point with each load. The resulting values of E were then averaged to determine the best value of E for method two. The average was found using Matlab and the error using KaleidaGraph. Method three (also as discussed in the theory section) plots rms error against many guessed E values. The best value of E (for method three) was found by determining where the rms error was minimized. This process was done entirely in Matlab. 7 Results: E: Upright Orientation Units Method One Method Two Method Three E: Flat Orientation 10 ksi 103 ksi 3 0. 981 Â ± 0. 100 1. 253 Â ± 0. 198 1. 065 Â ± 0. 247 1. 880 Â ± 0. 046 2. 080 Â ± 0. 083 1. 881 Â ± 0. 106 Discussion: The values of E that we determined for each orientation were very close in value. The values for the upright beam all fall within error of each other, while for the flat orientation one value (while still very close) was just outside of the error of the other two, which are nearly identical. Error in our values comes partially from universal measurement error, and from flaws and inconsistencies in the beam (i. e. , a non-isotropic and non-homogeneous beam); these types of error have a global influence on our results. Other major sources of error are method-specific. In method one, there is error from fitting a line to a set of data that is not precisely linear. As a result, we took our method one values from Kaleidagraph, which is more specifically graphing software and which provides a curve fitting error. We also used Matlab values as a check of accuracy. In method two, error came from the variance in the E value of each data point. For this method, we used Kaleidagraph simply to determine error (having calculated the values in 8 Matlab), taking the standard deviation as representative of the variance. In method three, error comes from the lack of a perfect fit of a deflection graph to our data; our E value minimized the error between predicted and actual deflection, which was then represented as rms error. In all of the methods, we weighted each data point equally (this will be discussed more thoroughly later in this section). Interesting to note is the difference in the value of E for each orientation. This is partially a result of the composition of the beam, as, upon inspection, the grain of the wood is pronouncedly evident (see Appendix F). We expect the material that the beam is composed of to behave more rigidly when loaded to parallel the grain (in the upright position), and to bend more easily when loaded perpendicular to the grain (in the flat position). The grain of the wood is largely the result of the beam’s construction, as it is fabricated from strips of wood bound with glue and pressed until formed: this method of construction results in a major difference in stiffness, according to orientation. However, although the material does perform more rigidly according to grain orientation, the difference in the value of I made a more significant impact on our final values of E and, thus, the beam behaved more rigidly in the flat orientation, where the I value was significantly smaller. Another point of interest was the location-specific variation in E: upon examination of the graph for method one (in appendix B), this variation becomes apparent. The data points 9 collected at L/4 and 3L/4 are the two points closest to the left at each load; the slope of the line formed by connecting these points is steeper than the rest, which means that the resulting E value is higher. The data points from L/3 appear at the far right at each level of load, and when connected have a lower slope and therefore smaller E value. The data points from L/2 are in the middle, and have a slightly less steep slope than at L/4 and 3L/4, and thus a slightly smaller E value. It should be noted that the E value that differed most from the other values is the E value at L/3, which was the value determined in part by the deflection measured by the UTM. The difference in measuring methods may be the cause of this. It is possible, for instance, that the UTM measurements include deflection from the compression of the beam itself where the load was applied, or alternately that the measurements from the UTM were more accurate than those we found by manually reading gauges.